How far away can I wire the capacitor from the motor?

There is not a published maximum distance. However, anything within 1m or so should be fine. Much farther than that, and we get away from the designed 90 degree electrical phase shift that the capacitor was sized for, since the wire itself has inductance and capacitance. As a result, the AC motor runs less efficiently, and therefore hotter.

Long wire runs also results in voltage drops. That would mean that the capacitor phase would have less torque (proportional to the square, or up to 2.5 power, of the voltage drop).